What is tragedy?

 * Introduction:- 
            A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to rain or suffers extreme sorrow , especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, notal weakness or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstance.
 
*  Definition of a tragedy ? :-
            Tragedy is a common word in da
y to day life . When a sad or unlucky vent takes place, we say it is a tragedy. Newspapers often write about toad
accidents and call it a tragedy . In dramas, too this word is used carelessly. If a drama has a sad end or shows some death of character, it is a tragic drama. But in literature it is something more serious action is very important.

                   Definition ➡️ pity - fear
                                              ⬇️
                                         Catharsis
                                              ⬇️
                                          Puragation
                The beginning of tragedy is to be found in ancient Greece. Before the fifty century great Athenian dramatist like Aeschylus, sophocles and Euripides wrote tragedies. There are chief traits of Greek tragedy.

*Greek/ Agistotelim tragedy :-
                          Euripides
                                ⬇️
                          Aeschylus
                                ⬇️
                          Sophocles
1) Well-known stories of good and princes or king and heroes and described.
2) There were only few actors between two to five or six.
3) No mixing of tragic and  comic elements.
   Aristotle's Question :-
         Aristotle was living at the same time when Greek tragedies were written and performed. There fore, he drew his ideas from them. He asked two question regarding this :-

    1) Why do we get pleasure and satisfaction seeing tragedy ?
    2) What  kind of person ought the chief character of a tragedy to be ?
  
   * His answer were :-
            In real life, our certain emotions especially of pity and fear do not get used. And tragedy stirs up and gets flow away up and gets flow away up like waste products. It is called puragation or catharsis.
           At last, he defined the tragedy in the following term: Aristotle say ,
           " Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having, magnitude, complete in its self, incident arousing pity and fear where with to accomplish the catharsis of such emotions.
           
               Magnitude ➡️  Greatful
           
  * Catharsis / Purgation :-
              Aristotle was the first person to use the word. When he was discussing the tragedy in general, he gave this word. In his 'Poetics', he defined the tragedy where we have seen the world "Catharsis ". It is a Greek word. This means Puragation.  It is related to human, psychology. 
       
      " The greek word for catharsis  is
                             Puragation. "

                 Catharsis     ➡️  Mind
                  Puragation  ➡️  Body

    *   Hamartia :-
                When he suffers our sense o justice will have no faith in goal . Good man will never have sympathy if it is so. We shall think that God has no control over the world.
            "Hamartia"  is a Latin word meaning "a weakness of the hero" or "a fatal flow". So Aristotle thought the hero ought to be "Good but not good." It means that he should be a person like ourselves and we can admire him. He should be should be caused by his own fault,  by some weakness in his character.
      
              Hamartia  ➡️  Latin word
                    ⬇️
     A weakness of the hero ➡️ A fatal flow
            We have beautiful example of this trait . Shakespeare 'Hamlet' is such character. He is good, kind, thoughtful, gentle and cultivated all the characteristics that a hero should have but he has his own Hamartia, a fault which is his 'indecisive' power.
     
  * Moral Conflict:-
          Conflict is necessary in any tragedy play. Many plots deal with a conflict. Conflict can be individual as well as collective or it can be individual as well as collective or it can be inward or outward. Hero makes conflict against circumstances which stand between him and a good he has set for himself and in some work,  the conflict is between opposing dislike or values in a character's own mind.
      
                   Inward  ➡️  Outward

          The conflict generally appears as simple one between good and evil right and wrong. In tragedy and wrong. In tragedy however,  things are less simple, the conflicts are between two rights. Antigone makes burial was prohibited. 
      
                    Moral Conflict
                              ⬇️
                    Life & death of circumstances
                     relation of fate.

          The Conflict between love and duty is favourite subject of a thousand films and novels as well as of great tragedies like "Romeo and Juliet simple conflict can be between right and wrong.